Civilisations and wars

The rise and fall of civilisations, and the wars that built and broke them — with the number of people killed, on one scale, so the wars of the last two centuries can be seen for what they are.

Bars are to scale (millions killed, the middle of the estimate range). Tolls include civilians and war-caused famine and disease where sources count them, and are disputed — ancient figures especially. Islam’s law of war: fight only those who fight you, do not transgress (al-Baqarah 2:190); one innocent life is as all mankind (al-Ma’idah 5:32).